Country notes show highly uneven levels of support: some governments run dedicated training academies and technology-neutral funding competitions for SME decarbonisation, while others provide comparatively few SME-specific climate policies despite SMEs accounting for a significant share of business-sector emissions.

While not retail-specific, the comparative approach is transferable to independent retailers and retail SME support programmes across the EU, offering a reference point for what effective national decarbonisation support can look like.

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