The directive expands the definition of a “product” to include software, digital manufacturing files and movable goods that are integrated into or connected with other products, reflecting the increasing use of AI and connected technologies in consumer goods. It also makes it easier for consumers to establish liability when seeking compensation, particularly in cases involving technically complex products such as software and AI-enabled goods.

For the retail and e-commerce sectors, an important change is that liability can also extend to online platforms and fulfilment service providers, alongside manufacturers and importers, when a defective product causes damage. The rules will apply to products placed on the EU market from 9 December 2026, regardless of where the responsible economic operator is based. Member States must transpose the directive into national law by the same date.

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