The analysis frames secondary raw materials and extended product lifetimes as a direct lever for reducing dependency on third countries, alongside the more familiar extraction and processing routes the CRMA also targets. For manufacturers using critical raw materials as inputs - permanent magnets, battery materials, specialty alloys - this is a practical reference point for where the EU expects recovered material supply to actually materialise over the coming years, useful when weighing whether to plan around recycled feedstock rather than assuming continued reliance on primary imports.

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