A new study by the European Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON) explores the challenges of detecting, characterising, and quantifying carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) in environmental and biological settings. Despite their wide application potential in sectors like medicine, electronics, and energy, the unique properties of CBNMs – combined with the presence of natural carbon –complicate their analysis and regulation.

The study assesses current analytical techniques, flagging issues such as matrix interference, sensitivity limitations, and the lack of standardised protocols. It stresses the importance of using multiple complementary techniques to improve detection accuracy and reproducibility.

To address these gaps, the study proposes a roadmap:

• In the short term, develop and validate fit-for-purpose reference materials.
• In the medium term, update regulatory frameworks like REACH and OECD guidelines, incorporating AI and machine learning.
• In the long term, create international standards and real-time monitoring tools, calling for cross-disciplinary collaboration.

The report supports more informed regulation and safer innovation in nanomaterials. The study was conducted by NovaMechanics Ltd and commissioned by EUON, which is hosted by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).