The report highlights that shortages remain widespread across many occupations and are particularly visible among professionals, skilled trades and machine operators, while surpluses are more concentrated in clerical and elementary roles. For the housing and construction ecosystem, the findings are especially relevant because medium-skilled and occupation-specific roles remain under pressure, reinforcing the need for vocational training, better job attractiveness and improved matching of skills across borders. The analysis also shows that ageing workforces, gender segregation and underused labour mobility continue to shape labour market pressures, underlining the need for coordinated action on skills, working conditions and workforce availability. Find the report here. 

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