The European Commission has published a new study examining how farming systems across the EU are adapting to climate pressure, demographic change, and evolving economic conditions. Based on fifteen case studies in eleven Member States, the analysis explores the effects of these trends on farm income, resilience, and long-term viability.

The study confirms climate change as the main driver of adaptation, with farmers responding through improved water management, changes in cultivation practices, and shifts in crop choices. It also points to labour shortages and generational renewal as growing structural challenges, particularly in sectors that depend heavily on skilled and stable workforces.

The findings underline the importance of targeted CAP support, innovation, and better local coordination in helping farmers manage change. They also provide useful evidence for shaping future policy tools aimed at building a more resilient, competitive, and sustainable agricultural sector.

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